Demodulation reference signaling in lte/nr coexistence

ABSTRACT

There is disclosed a method of operating a network node, the network node operating according to a first radio access technology, RAT. The method includes transmitting signaling having communication signaling and Demodulation Reference Signaling, DMRS, in a transmission resource pattern. The DMRS is arranged in the transmission resource pattern according to a DMRS pattern, in which the DMRS pattern is selected from a set of DMRS patterns based on a coexistence indication indicating the presence of cell-specific reference signals, CRS, associated to a second RAT.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/528,915, filed on Nov. 17, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 16/719,144, filed on Dec. 18, 2019 now U.S. Pat.No. 11,212,150, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/402,681, filed on May 3, 2019 now U.S. Pat. No. 10,560,297, which isa continuation of International Application No. PCT/SE2018/050961, filedSep. 20, 2018, the entireties of all of which are incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure pertains to wireless communication technology, inparticular in the context of coexistence of radio access of differenttechnologies.

BACKGROUND

Some radio access technologies like LTE and NR will be operating in thesame frequency ranges, requiring approaches allowing coexistence forexample such that for overlapping or coordinated cells or transmissions,undesired interference is limited.

SUMMARY

It is an object of the present disclosure to provide approachesfacilitating coexistence of different RATs, in particular in the contextof reference signals, with little signaling overhead and/or allowingefficient use of available resources.

The approaches are particularly advantageously implemented in a 5^(th)Generation (5G) telecommunication network or 5G radio access technologyor network (RAT/RAN), in particular according to 3GPP (3^(rd) GenerationPartnership Project, a standardization organization). A suitable RAN mayin particular be a RAN according to NR, for example release 15 or later,or LTE Evolution.

There is disclosed a method of operating a network node, the networknode operating according to a first radio access technology, RAT. Themethod comprises transmitting signaling comprising communicationsignaling and Demodulation Reference Signaling, DMRS, in a transmissionresource pattern. DMRS is arranged in the transmission resource patternaccording to a DMRS pattern, the DMRS pattern being selected from a setof DMRS patterns based on a coexistence indication indicating thepresence of cell-specific reference signals, CRS, associated to a secondRAT.

There is also disclosed a network node adapted for operating accordingto a first radio access technology, RAT. The network node is adapted fortransmitting signaling comprising communication signaling andDemodulation Reference Signaling (DMRS) in a transmission resourcepattern. DMRS is arranged in the transmission resource pattern accordingto a DMRS pattern, the DMRS pattern being selected from a set of DMRSpatterns based on a coexistence indication indicating the presence ofcell-specific reference signals, CRS, associated to a second RAT. Thenetwork node may comprise, and/or be adapted for utilizing, processingcircuitry and/or radio circuitry, in particular a transmitter and/ortransceiver and/or receiver, for transmitting signaling and/or selectinga pattern like a DMRS pattern and/or for receiving signaling and/or oneor more indications, e.g. a coexistence indication and/or capabilityindication.

Moreover, a method of operating a user equipment (UE) is described. Theuser equipment operates according to a first radio access technology,RAT. The method comprises receiving signaling comprising communicationsignaling and Demodulation Reference Signaling, DMRS, based on atransmission resource pattern. Receiving the signaling comprisesassociating signaling received based on the transmission resourcepattern with DMRS based on a DMRS pattern selected from a set of DMRSpatterns based on a coordination indication indicating the presence ofcell-specific reference signals, CRS, associated to a second RAT.

A user equipment adapted for operating according to a first radio accesstechnology, RAT also is considered. The user equipment is adapted forreceiving signaling comprising communication signaling and DemodulationReference Signaling (DMRS) based on a transmission resource pattern,wherein receiving comprises associating signaling received based on thetransmission resource pattern with DMRS based on a DMRS pattern selectedfrom a set of DMRS patterns based on a coordination indicationindicating the presence of cell-specific reference signals, CRS,associated to a second RAT. The user equipment may comprise, and/or beadapted for utilizing, processing circuitry and/or radio circuitry, inparticular a transceiver and/or receiver, for receiving the signalingand/or associating the DMRS pattern and/or selecting the DMRS pattern.

The approaches described herein facilitate efficient use oftime/frequency resources in coexisting RANs, while overlap of importantreference signals may be avoided. In particular, for LTE/NR coexistence,communication signaling like PDSCH signaling extending up to the lastsymbol in a slot may be used without DMRS and CRS interfering, despitenormal NR DMRS patterns prescribing overlap for long PDSCH signaling.

Selecting a pattern by a network node or a UE may generally comprisedetermining the pattern to be selected, e.g. according to an indicationor instruction, or independently. Receiving may comprise demodulationand/or decoding signaling, e.g. in particular decoding and/ordemodulating the communication signaling based on the DMRS. Thetransmission resource structure may be scheduled for transmission by thenetwork node, and/or the network node may indicate to the user equipmentthat the transmission is scheduled, e.g. with a scheduling assignmentand/or DCI and/or PDCCH transmission (dynamically), and/orsemi-statically and/or higher-layer signaling, e.g. with a RRCconfiguration. In general, the transmission resource structure mayrepresent (specific) scheduled signaling, e.g. for a specific slot orslot aggregation. It should be noted that the DMRS pattern selectedinfluences the demodulation process of the associated communicationsignaling, in particular regarding interpolations or extrapolations forcommunication signaling in neighboring symbols or symbols withcommunication signaling trailing a last symbol associated with DMRS. Ingeneral, a symbol carrying, or intended or schedule or configured tocarry DMRS may be considered a symbol associated to DMRS.

It may be considered that the first RAT corresponds to New Radio, NRtechnology, and the second RAT corresponds to Long Term Evolution, LTE,technology. The DM-RS and CRS may overlap, or overlap in part, infrequency space. The DMRS pattern may be such that DMRS and CRS aredisjunct in time domain, e.g. are transmitted or transmittable atdifferent time symbol intervals. A slot may be a slot according to NRRAT.

The DMRS pattern may be selected based on a capability indicationindicating the capability of the user equipment to select a DMRS patternbased on a coordination indication. The capability indication may forexample explicitly indicate the capability, and/or implicitly indicateit, e.g. indicating a class or type of UE, and/or a manufacturer, inparticular a manufacturer of radio circuitry like a baseband chip orsimilar, and/or a series or time of manufacturing. The network node maybe adapted to check the capability indication against a list of capableUEs to determine whether the UE is capable based on the capabilityindication. The list may be provided in a memory or storage mediumaccessible to the network node and/or to processing circuitry of thenetwork node.

The signaling, e.g. the communication signaling and/or DMRS, may beembedded in, and/or carried by, the transmission resource structure,e.g. such that resource elements of the resource structure are carryingthe signaling, e.g. modulation symbols of the signaling. The signalingmay generally be transmitted utilizing, and/or according to, the firstRAT.

The communication signaling may be and/or comprise data signaling and/orPhysical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH, signaling. In some cases, thecommunication signaling may comprise and/or be control signaling, e.g.PDCCH signaling.

In some cases, the transmission resource structure may have an endsymbol (last symbol or symbol time interval of the structure in timedomain) which may be arranged in a symbol before an end symbol of aslot, or which may coincide with, and/or corresponds to, the end symbolof a slot, e.g. slot 13 or 6 (counting symbols in a slot from 0).

The transmission resource structure may be embedded into a slot, e.g.scheduled for transmission in a slot, and/or represent a slot or part ofa slot. The transmission resource structure generally may represent aslot or part of a slot, e.g. a number of consecutive symbol timeintervals of a slot. The transmission resource structure may be mappedto a slot such that symbols of the transmission resource structurecoincide and/or correspond to symbols of the slot.

It may be considered that the transmission resource structure may bescheduled to end in, and/or comprise, the last symbol, e.g. symbol 13,of a slot, and/or comprises and/or represents a long communicationsignaling and/or long Physical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH,transmission, which may be scheduled to have a duration from symbol n ofa slot to symbol m of a slot, wherein n may be in the range of 1 to 6and/or may correspond to one of the first half of symbols in a slot,and/or wherein m may be 12 or 13 and/or may represent the last ornext-to last symbol of a slot.

The coordination indication and/or capability indication may be providedwith higher-layer signaling, e.g. MAC or RRC signaling and/orapplication-layer signaling. In some cases, the coordination indicationand/or capability indication may be provided at random access, e.g. witha first RRC configuration or reconfiguration. The capability indicationmay be provided with uplink signaling, and/or the coordinationindication may be provided with downlink signaling.

The set of DMRS patterns may comprise two or more patterns. Differentpatterns of the set may differ in at least one position in time orsymbol carrying or intended to carry or associated to DMRS. DifferentDMRS patterns may indicate the same number of symbols carrying DMRS, orin some cases may indicate different numbers of symbols carrying DMRS. Aselected DMRS may be a pattern in which symbols carrying DMRS areshifted in time relative to symbols or time intervals carrying CRS ofthe second RAT. The DMRS patterns may pertain to transmission resourcestructures with the same duration and/or extension in time domain. Fortransmission resource structures with the same duration and/or extensionin time domain, selecting a communication signaling may be consideredequivalent to selecting a DMRS pattern, as a communication pattern maybe linked to a corresponding DMRS pattern. For example, within atransmission resource structure, symbols not associated to DMRS may beassociated to communication signaling, and vice versa. A selected DMRSpattern may be a pattern that does not include, or prevents, DMRS onsymbol 11 of a slot in which the transmission resource structure isembedded, and/or indicates DMRS on symbol 10 and/or 12, in particularfor cases in which the same numerologies are used between synchronizedRATs. In general, the selected DMRS pattern may be a pattern that doesnot include, or prevents, DMRS signaling on one or more symbolscorresponding to symbols of the second RAT carrying or intended to carryCRS, in particular preventing or not including DMRS on symbolscorresponding to or covering symbol 11 of a subframe of the second RAT.DMRS patterns in the set may differ in particular regarding the lastsymbol (in time domain pertaining to the transmission resource structureand/or a slot it is embedded in) indicated to carry DMRS. For example,the last symbol may be shifted by one symbol time interval, or more thanone symbol time interval, between two different patterns. It may beconsidered that the last symbol indicated to carry DMRS according to theselected DMRS pattern is one symbol time interval later or earlier(e.g., in symbol time intervals of the second RAT) than in at least oneother DMRS pattern of the set, e.g. a DMRS pattern to be used when nocoexistence is indicated.

A network node may be considered a radio node. Scheduling thetransmission resource structure may comprise scheduling the structurefor transmission of the signaling or corresponding data in a slot.Transmitting data or signaling based on the transmission resourcestructure may comprise utilizing resource elements of the transmissionresource structure for transmission of associated signaling.Transmitting may comprise encoding and/or modulating of data orreference information. Transmission of the signaling may be indicated toa receiver (e.g., scheduled or configured or allocated), e.g. a userequipment, in particular with control signaling, for example DCIsignaling and/or a scheduling assignment. Such indicating may be part ofscheduling the transmission resource structure. The transmissionresource structure may represent a time-frequency resource structure,which may comprise N1 subcarriers and M1 symbols (symbol timeintervals), wherein M1 may be 13 or lower, e.g. between 10 and 13, whichmay be considered associated to a long transmission. Operating accordingto a first RAT may be comprise communicating, e.g. transmitting and/orreceiving, in a first frequency range, and/or operating according to thesecond RAT may comprise communicating on a second frequency range. Thefirst range and the second range may at least partly overlap. The firstfrequency range may correspond to, and/or be embedded in, a carrierbandwidth, or bandwidth part, which may be an active bandwidth part. Thesecond frequency range may in particular be a carrier bandwidth, or insome cases a part thereof. The RATs may be operated or operable indownlink. The transmission resource structure may be scheduled for thefirst frequency range, and/or extend in frequency domain within thefirst frequency range and/or the second frequency range. Thetransmission resource structure may comprise and/or representtransmission on a physical channel, e.g. a shared channel like a PDSCH.The DMRS may be associated to the communication signaling and/or data,e.g. for demodulating and/or decoding modulation symbols carrying thecommunication signaling or data. Symbols associated to differentsignalings or sets, e.g. of reference signalings (e.g., DMRS and CRS)may be considered disjunct if no symbol carrying one type of signalingalso carries signaling of the other type, wherein types signaling mayfor example be DMRS and CRS, or reference signaling associated to afirst RAT and reference signaling associated to a second RAT, orcommunication signaling and DMRS.

For the frequency domain, disjunct may be analogous with respect tosubcarriers instead of symbols. Operating on the first frequency rangeand the second frequency range may be according to the same numerology,or according to different numerologies. A transmission resourcestructure may be structured according to the numerology of the firstRAT.

The coexistence indication may be received by the network node, e.g.from another network node and/or core network, e.g. via a suitableinterface. Alternatively, or additionally, the coexistence indicationmay be determined by the network node, e.g. based on measurements, e.g.of signaling typical and/or representative for the second RAT, and/orreading from a memory, e.g. if it is preconfigured. The coordinationindication may be received by the user equipment, e.g. from a networknode, which may be operating according to the first RAT and/or secondRAT. Alternatively, or additionally, the coordination indication may bedetermined by the user equipment, e.g. based on measurements, e.g. ofsignaling typical and/or representative for the second RAT, and/orreading from a memory. In general, it may be assumed that the networknode and/or the user equipment are aware of operation according to thefirst RAT and second RAT on a common frequency range. Operationaccording to the first RAT may be such that resources not used foroperating according to the second RAT are utilized. A network nodeoperating according to the first RAT may coordinate with, and/orexchange information with, a network node operating according to thesecond RAT. It should be noted that such nodes could be physicallyidentical devices, or be separated from each other. Data signaling maybe represented by transmission of data according to the transmissionresource structure. Receiving data based on a transmission resourcestructure may consider a time delay due to path effects. Thetransmission resource structure to be received may be indicated to theuser equipment, e.g. with control signaling and/or DCI, which inparticular may indicate a duration and/or end symbol of the transmissionresource structure. Resource elements of the first and/or second set maybe included in the transmission resource structure. The transmissionresource structure may be associated to, and/or included in a slot. Itmay be slot-based, or represent a mini-slot.

The transmission resource structure may extend in time domain over oneor more symbols, in particular it may be longer than 1, 2, 3 or 4symbols, and/or shorter than 10, 11, 12 or 13 symbols in duration. Thecoexistence indication and/or the coordination indication may indicatethe presence of the cell-specific reference signaling based onindicating operation according to the second RAT, and/or based onexplicitly indicating the signaling, and/or indicating the location intime and/or frequency of the cell-specific reference signaling. The UEmay obtain the capability information, e.g. reading from a memory and/orfrom preconfigured or installed information. Communication signaling mayin general carry and/or represent data, which may be represented bymodulated symbols carrying bits of the data. Coding bits may beassociated to data and/or communication signaling. A resource element orsubcarrier or symbol carrying a type of signaling, e.g. communicationsignaling or DMRS, may be a resource element or subcarrier or symbolactually carrying such, or one intended for, or scheduled for, orassumed as carrying such.

A DMRS pattern may indicate in time domain on which symbols (symbol timeintervals) DMRS is carried and/or arranged, e.g. within the transmissionresource structure, and/or in relation thereto, and/or relative to aslot in which the transmission resource structure is embedded.Communication signaling may be arranged in the transmission resourcestructure based on a communication pattern, e.g. in time domain.Communication signaling may be disjunct in time domain from DMRS, and/orthe DMRS and communication pattern may be disjunct in time domain.However, in some cases, some overlap may be considered, e.g. such thatfor one symbol time interval, some subcarriers carry communicationsignaling, and others DMRS. A DMRS pattern may additionally pertain tofrequency domain, e.g. indicating which subcarriers carry DMRS. Acommunication pattern may also pertain to frequency domain, e.g.indicating which subcarriers carry communication signaling. A DMRSpattern may represent one or more combs, e.g. in frequency domain. Acomb may generally represent a distribution of subcarriers in which anumber N of subcarriers not included in the (frequency domain) pattern,and/or included in a set disjunct (in frequency domain) of the patternare arranged between subcarriers of the pattern. N may be 0 or larger;in some cases, two or more combs with N1 or N2 may be combined to form acomb of different N3 that is smaller than N1 and N2. In general, theelements of the DMRS pattern may be associated to one or more symbols ofthe transmission resource structure, e.g. forming a comb for eachsymbol, wherein combs for different symbols may be the same ordifferent. The pattern may be based on a length and/or location of thetransmission resource structure, e.g. a location in a slot. The lengthor duration of the structure may pertain to the number of symbols itcomprises, the location may be relative to the symbols in a slot. Afirst or starting symbol of the transmission resource structure maycoincide with, and/or be located at, a symbol S of the slot, wherein Smay in particular be larger than 2 or 3. A last or ending symbol of thestructure may coincide with, and/or be located at, a symbol E of theslot, wherein E may be 13. It may be considered that the slot has twomore symbols for different signaling, e.g. reference signaling accordingto the first RAT. A RAT may in general describe a standard ofcommunication, e.g. signaling structures and/or protocols. Operationaccording to the first RAT and the second RAT may be synchronized, e.g.such that subframe borders or reference symbols of the second RATcoincide with slot borders or reference symbols of the first RAT.

In particular, the first RAT may correspond to New Radio, NR technology,and the second RAT corresponds to Long Term Evolution, LTE, technology.In general, the cell-specific reference signaling may be CRS(Cell-Specific Reference Signaling). The reference signaling may beaccording to a specific pattern, e.g. as prescribed and/or configuredfor the operation according to the second RAT.

In general, the resource elements for DMRS may be shifted in timerelative to positions of cell-specific reference symbols, e.g. accordingto the DMRS pattern. It may generally be considered that the location ofDMRS in time, e.g. relative to the transmission resource structureand/or a slot, may be dependent on the duration and/or end symbol,respectively the end symbol location in the slot. It may be consideredthat for different durations and/or end symbols, respectively end symbollocations, the location in time of DM-RS and/or the pattern aredifferent, e.g. according to the first RAT. Accordingly, scheduling thetransmission timing structure with a duration and/or end symbol maydefine a suitable arrangement of DM-RS in time. It may be considered thetransmission resource structure is scheduled such that out of aplurality of possible patterns for the second set, and/or locations ofresource elements of the second set, a pattern or locations are selectedthat shift DM-RS in time relative to locations of cell-specificreference signals according to the second RAT.

The DMRS pattern may be punctured in frequency domain, e.g. for one ormore symbols. A punctured pattern may comprise, for one or more symbols,at least two subcarriers separated from each other by at least onesubcarrier (punctured element) not belonging to the pattern, and/orincluded in a second pattern disjunct from the pattern. Puncturedelements may correspond to resource elements for which cell-specificreference signals according to the second RAT may be expected.

It may be considered that in a slot in which the communication signalingor data is transmitted, there are scheduled channel state informationreference signals, e.g. CSI-RS, and/or other reference signals accordingto the first RAT, after the transmission resource structure and/orincluded at the end thereof. Such reference signals may, e.g., compriseTracking Reference Signals and/or beam related signals. Thus, theresources may be used efficiently. The scheduled signals may betransmitted and/or scheduled by the network node, which may be adaptedaccordingly. The UE may be adapted and/or configured for receivingand/or reporting on the reference signals.

Also, there is considered a program product comprising instructionsadapted for causing processing circuitry to control and/or perform amethod as described herein. A carrier medium arrangement carrying and/orstoring a corresponding program product is proposed.

The coexistence indication may represent the network node's awarenessthat operation may occur according to the second RAT, e.g. in a commoncell and/or section and/or angular or spatial or geographical region.Operation may be such that resources are shared, e.g. such that atinstances of time and/or frequency, operation is according to only oneRAT. The coordination indication may be analogous for the UE.

The approaches described herein facilitate negative impact oftransmission in the first RAT on cell-specific reference signals of thesecond RAT, which typically are particularly important for operatingaccording to the second RAT. As DMRS position usually has only limitedflexibility, and in particular the location in time of DMRS signals in atransmission resource structure may be dependent e.g. on its durationand/or location within a slot, a transmission timing structure may beselected to shift DM-RS in time relative to the cell-specific referencesignals. As data may be more flexibly allocated to resource elements, ormay be dropped with less dramatic components, interference may belimited and/or avoided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings are provided to illustrate concepts and approachesdescribed herein, and are not intended to limit their scope. Thedrawings comprise:

FIG. 1 , showing possible transmissions in LTE/NR coexistence;

FIG. 2 , showing exemplary transmission resource structures for LTE/NRcoexistence;

FIG. 3 , showing an exemplary radio node implemented as terminal or UE;and

FIG. 4 , showing an exemplary radio node implemented as network node.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following, variants are described in the context of NR/LTEcoexistence, however, the approaches may be implemented in differentcontexts.

FIG. 1 shows possible transmissions for LTE/NR coexistence forsynchronized operation. The LTE timing structure refers to a subframe,the NR timing to a slot. In the example, the numerologies used are thesame, such that the NR symbols and symbol time intervals coincide withthe LTE symbols and symbol time intervals and have the same durations.Other cases may be considered. Symbols in a slot/subframe are numbered 0to 13. Depending on the CRS antenna ports used, LTE allows different CRSpatterns. Symbols 1 and 8 may carry CRS for 4 antenna ports configured.Currently, according to NR, DMRS may be configured for symbol 2 or 3(possibilities 1 or 2). As can be seen, for symbol 11, DMRS and CRSoverlap in time.

FIG. 2 shows exemplary transmission resource structures avoidingoverlap. Such structures may be used based on a coincidence orcoordination indication, and/or based on a capacity indication. Theupper structure again shows the LTE subframe with CRS pattern. In afirst possible selected pattern, the last DMRS symbol may occur afterthe last CRS, e.g. it may be indicated for slot 12 instead of 11. Inanother pattern, the last DMRS symbol may occur before the last CRSsymbol, e.g. it may be indicated for slot 10 instead of 11. For thefirst solution, demodulation of the last communication signalings(symbol 13) may be improved, at the cost of possibly less reliabledemodulation for earlier communication signaling. For the secondsolution, demodulation for communication signaling trailing the lastDMRS symbol may be negatively impacted, whereas demodulation of earliercommunication signaling may be more reliable.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a radio node, in particular a terminal orwireless device 10, which may in particular be implemented as a UE (UserEquipment). Radio node 10 comprises processing circuitry (which may alsobe referred to as control circuitry) 20, which may comprise a controllerconnected to a memory. Any module of the radio node 10, e.g. acommunicating module or determining module, may be implemented in and/orexecutable by, the processing circuitry 20, in particular as module inthe controller. Radio node 10 also comprises radio circuitry 22providing receiving and transmitting or transceiving functionality(e.g., one or more transmitters and/or receivers and/or transceivers),the radio circuitry 22 being connected or connectable to the processingcircuitry. An antenna circuitry 24 of the radio node 10 is connected orconnectable to the radio circuitry 22 to collect or send and/or amplifysignals. Radio circuitry 22 and the processing circuitry 20 controllingit are configured for cellular communication with a network, e.g. a RANas described herein, and/or for sidelink communication. Radio node 10may generally be adapted to carry out any of the methods of operating aradio node like terminal or UE disclosed herein; in particular, it maycomprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processing circuitry, and/ormodules.

FIG. 4 schematically show a radio node 100, which may in particular beimplemented as a network node 100, for example an eNB or gNB or similarfor NR. Radio node 100 comprises processing circuitry (which may also bereferred to as control circuitry) 120, which may comprise a controllerconnected to a memory. Any module, e.g. transmitting module and/orreceiving module and/or configuring module of the node 100 may beimplemented in and/or executable by the processing circuitry 120. Theprocessing circuitry 120 is connected to control radio circuitry 122 ofthe node 100, which provides receiver and transmitter and/or transceiverfunctionality (e.g., comprising one or more transmitters and/orreceivers and/or transceivers). An antenna circuitry 124 may beconnected or connectable to radio circuitry 122 for signal reception ortransmittance and/or amplification. Node 100 may be adapted to carry outany of the methods for operating a radio node or network node disclosedherein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g.processing circuitry, and/or modules. The antenna circuitry 124 may beconnected to and/or comprise an antenna array. The node 100,respectively its circuitry, may be adapted to perform any of the methodsof operating a network node or a radio node as described herein; inparticular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processingcircuitry, and/or modules. The radio node 100 may generally comprisecommunication circuitry, e.g. for communication with another networknode, like a radio node, and/or with a core network and/or an internetor local net, in particular with an information system, which mayprovide information and/or data to be transmitted to a user equipment.

References to specific resource structures like transmission timingstructure and/or symbol and/or slot and/or mini-slot and/or subcarrierand/or carrier may pertain to a specific numerology, which may bepredefined and/or configured or configurable. A transmission timingstructure may represent a time interval, which may cover one or moresymbols. Some examples of a transmission timing structure aretransmission time interval (TTI), subframe, slot and mini-slot. A slotmay comprise a predetermined, e.g. predefined and/or configured orconfigurable, number of symbols, e.g. 6 or 7, or 12 or 14. A mini-slotmay comprise a number of symbols (which may in particular beconfigurable or configured) smaller than the number of symbols of aslot, in particular 1, 2, 3 or 4 symbols. A transmission timingstructure may cover a time interval of a specific length, which may bedependent on symbol time length and/or cyclic prefix used. Atransmission timing structure may pertain to, and/or cover, a specifictime interval in a time stream, e.g. synchronized for communication.Timing structures used and/or scheduled for transmission, e.g. slotand/or mini-slots, may be scheduled in relation to, and/or synchronizedto, a timing structure provided and/or defined by other transmissiontiming structures. Such transmission timing structures may define atiming grid, e.g., with symbol time intervals within individualstructures representing the smallest timing units. Such a timing gridmay for example be defined by slots or subframes (wherein in some cases,subframes may be considered specific variants of slots). A transmissiontiming structure may have a duration (length in time) determined basedon the durations of its symbols, possibly in addition to cyclicprefix/es used. The symbols of a transmission timing structure may havethe same duration, or may in some variants have different duration. Thenumber of symbols in a transmission timing structure may be predefinedand/or configured or configurable, and/or be dependent on numerology.The timing of a mini-slot may generally be configured or configurable,in particular by the network and/or a network node. The timing may beconfigurable to start and/or end at any symbol of the transmissiontiming structure, in particular one or more slots.

There is generally considered a program product comprising instructionsadapted for causing processing and/or control circuitry to carry outand/or control any method described herein, in particular when executedon the processing and/or control circuitry. Also, there is considered acarrier medium arrangement carrying and/or storing a program product asdescribed herein.

A carrier medium arrangement may comprise one or more carrier media.Generally, a carrier medium may be accessible and/or readable and/orreceivable by processing or control circuitry. Storing data and/or aprogram product and/or code may be seen as part of carrying data and/ora program product and/or code. A carrier medium generally may comprise aguiding/transporting medium and/or a storage medium. Aguiding/transporting medium may be adapted to carry and/or carry and/orstore signals, in particular electromagnetic signals and/or electricalsignals and/or magnetic signals and/or optical signals. A carriermedium, in particular a guiding/transporting medium, may be adapted toguide such signals to carry them. A carrier medium, in particular aguiding/transporting medium, may comprise the electromagnetic field,e.g. radio waves or microwaves, and/or optically transmissive material,e.g. glass fiber, and/or cable. A storage medium may comprise at leastone of a memory, which may be volatile or non-volatile, a buffer, acache, an optical disc, magnetic memory, flash memory, etc.

A system comprising one or more radio nodes as described herein, inparticular a network node and a user equipment, is described. The systemmay be a wireless communication system, and/or provide and/or representa radio access network.

Moreover, there may be generally considered a method of operating aninformation system, the method comprising providing information.Alternatively, or additionally, an information system adapted forproviding information may be considered. Providing information maycomprise providing information for, and/or to, a target system, whichmay comprise and/or be implemented as radio access network and/or aradio node, in particular a network node or user equipment or terminal.Providing information may comprise transferring and/or streaming and/orsending and/or passing on the information, and/or offering theinformation for such and/or for download, and/or triggering suchproviding, e.g. by triggering a different system or node to streamand/or transfer and/or send and/or pass on the information. Theinformation system may comprise, and/or be connected or connectable to,a target, for example via one or more intermediate systems, e.g. a corenetwork and/or internet and/or private or local network. Information maybe provided utilizing and/or via such intermediate system/s. Providinginformation may be for radio transmission and/or for transmission via anair interface and/or utilizing a RAN or radio node as described herein.Connecting the information system to a target, and/or providinginformation, may be based on a target indication, and/or adaptive to atarget indication. A target indication may indicate the target, and/orone or more parameters of transmission pertaining to the target and/orthe paths or connections over which the information is provided to thetarget. Such parameter/s may in particular pertain to the air interfaceand/or radio access network and/or radio node and/or network node.Example parameters may indicate for example type and/or nature of thetarget, and/or transmission capacity (e.g., data rate) and/or latencyand/or reliability and/or cost, respectively one or more estimatesthereof. The target indication may be provided by the target, ordetermined by the information system, e.g. based on information receivedfrom the target and/or historical information, and/or be provided by auser, for example a user operating the target or a device incommunication with the target, e.g. via the RAN and/or air interface.For example, a user may indicate on a user equipment communicating withthe information system that information is to be provided via a RAN,e.g. by selecting from a selection provided by the information system,for example on a user application or user interface, which may be a webinterface. An information system may comprise one or more informationnodes. An information node may generally comprise processing circuitryand/or communication circuitry. In particular, an information systemand/or an information node may be implemented as a computer and/or acomputer arrangement, e.g. a host computer or host computer arrangementand/or server or server arrangement. In some variants, an interactionserver (e.g., web server) of the information system may provide a userinterface, and based on user input may trigger transmitting and/orstreaming information provision to the user (and/or the target) fromanother server, which may be connected or connectable to the interactionserver and/or be part of the information system or be connected orconnectable thereto. The information may be any kind of data, inparticular data intended for a user of for use at a terminal, e.g. videodata and/or audio data and/or location data and/or interactive dataand/or game-related data and/or environmental data and/or technical dataand/or traffic data and/or vehicular data and/or circumstantial dataand/or operational data. The information provided by the informationsystem may be mapped to, and/or mappable to, and/or be intended formapping to, communication or data signaling and/or one or more datachannels as described herein (which may be signaling or channel/s of anair interface and/or used within a RAN and/or for radio transmission).It may be considered that the information is formatted based on thetarget indication and/or target, e.g. regarding data amount and/or datarate and/or data structure and/or timing, which in particular may bepertaining to a mapping to communication or data signaling and/or a datachannel. Mapping information to data signaling and/or data channel/s maybe considered to refer to using the signaling/channel/s to carry thedata, e.g. on higher layers of communication, with thesignaling/channel/s underlying the transmission. A target indicationgenerally may comprise different components, which may have differentsources, and/or which may indicate different characteristics of thetarget and/or communication path/s thereto. A format of information maybe specifically selected, e.g. from a set of different formats, forinformation to be transmitted on an air interface and/or by a RAN asdescribed herein. This may be particularly pertinent since an airinterface may be limited in terms of capacity and/or of predictability,and/or potentially be cost sensitive. The format may be selected to beadapted to the transmission indication, which may in particular indicatethat a RAN or radio node as described herein is in the path (which maybe the indicated and/or planned and/or expected path) of informationbetween the target and the information system. A (communication) path ofinformation may represent the interface/s (e.g., air and/or cableinterfaces) and/or the intermediate system/s (if any), between theinformation system and/or the node providing or transferring theinformation, and the target, over which the information is, or is to be,passed on. A path may be (at least partly) undetermined when a targetindication is provided, and/or the information is provided/transferredby the information system, e.g. if an internet is involved, which maycomprise multiple, dynamically chosen paths. Information and/or a formatused for information may be packet-based, and/or be mapped, and/or bemappable and/or be intended for mapping, to packets. Alternatively, oradditionally, there may be considered a method for operating a targetdevice comprising providing a target indicating to an informationsystem. More alternatively, or additionally, a target device may beconsidered, the target device being adapted for providing a targetindication to an information system. In another approach, there may beconsidered a target indication tool adapted for, and/or comprising anindication module for, providing a target indication to an informationsystem. The target device may generally be a target as described above.A target indication tool may comprise, and/or be implemented as,software and/or application or app, and/or web interface or userinterface, and/or may comprise one or more modules for implementingactions performed and/or controlled by the tool. The tool and/or targetdevice may be adapted for, and/or the method may comprise, receiving auser input, based on which a target indicating may be determined and/orprovided. Alternatively, or additionally, the tool and/or target devicemay be adapted for, and/or the method may comprise, receivinginformation and/or communication signaling carrying information, and/oroperating on, and/or presenting (e.g., on a screen and/or as audio or asother form of indication), information. The information may be based onreceived information and/or communication signaling carryinginformation. Presenting information may comprise processing receivedinformation, e.g. decoding and/or transforming, in particular betweendifferent formats, and/or for hardware used for presenting. Operating oninformation may be independent of or without presenting, and/or proceedor succeed presenting, and/or may be without user interaction or evenuser reception, for example for automatic processes, or target deviceswithout (e.g., regular) user interaction like MTC devices, of forautomotive or transport or industrial use. The information orcommunication signaling may be expected and/or received based on thetarget indication. Presenting and/or operating on information maygenerally comprise one or more processing steps, in particular decodingand/or executing and/or interpreting and/or transforming information.Operating on information may generally comprise relaying and/ortransmitting the information, e.g. on an air interface, which mayinclude mapping the information onto signaling (such mapping maygenerally pertain to one or more layers, e.g. one or more layers of anair interface, e.g. RLC (Radio Link Control) layer and/or MAC layerand/or physical layer/s). The information may be imprinted (or mapped)on communication signaling based on the target indication, which maymake it particularly suitable for use in a RAN (e.g., for a targetdevice like a network node or in particular a UE or terminal). The toolmay generally be adapted for use on a target device, like a UE orterminal. Generally, the tool may provide multiple functionalities, e.g.for providing and/or selecting the target indication, and/or presenting,e.g. video and/or audio, and/or operating on and/or storing receivedinformation. Providing a target indication may comprise transmitting ortransferring the indication as signaling, and/or carried on signaling,in a RAN, for example if the target device is a UE, or the tool for aUE. It should be noted that such provided information may be transferredto the information system via one or more additionally communicationinterfaces and/or paths and/or connections. The target indication may bea higher-layer indication and/or the information provided by theinformation system may be higher-layer information, e.g. applicationlayer or user-layer, in particular above radio layers like transportlayer and physical layer. The target indication may be mapped onphysical layer radio signaling, e.g. related to or on the user-plane,and/or the information may be mapped on physical layer radiocommunication signaling, e.g. related to or on the user-plane (inparticular, in reverse communication directions). The describedapproaches allow a target indication to be provided, facilitatinginformation to be provided in a specific format particularly suitableand/or adapted to efficiently use an air interface. A user input may forexample represent a selection from a plurality of possible transmissionmodes or formats, and/or paths, e.g. in terms of data rate and/orpackaging and/or size of information to be provided by the informationsystem.

In general, a numerology and/or subcarrier spacing may indicate thebandwidth (in frequency domain) of a subcarrier of a carrier, and/or thenumber of subcarriers in a carrier and/or the numbering of thesubcarriers in a carrier. Different numerologies may in particular bedifferent in the bandwidth of a subcarrier. In some variants, all thesubcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associated to them. Thenumerology and/or subcarrier spacing may be different between carriersin particular regarding the subcarrier bandwidth. A symbol time length,and/or a time length of a timing structure pertaining to a carrier maybe dependent on the carrier frequency, and/or the subcarrier spacingand/or the numerology. In particular, different numerologies may havedifferent symbol time lengths.

Signaling may generally comprise one or more symbols and/or signalsand/or messages. A signal may comprise or represent one or more bits. Anindication may represent signaling, and/or be implemented as a signal,or as a plurality of signals. One or more signals may be included inand/or represented by a message. Signaling, in particular controlsignaling, may comprise a plurality of signals and/or messages, whichmay be transmitted on different carriers and/or be associated todifferent signaling processes, e.g. representing and/or pertaining toone or more such processes and/or corresponding information. Anindication may comprise signaling, and/or a plurality of signals and/ormessages and/or may be comprised therein, which may be transmitted ondifferent carriers and/or be associated to different acknowledgementsignaling processes, e.g. representing and/or pertaining to one or moresuch processes. Signaling associated to a channel may be transmittedsuch that represents signaling and/or information for that channel,and/or that the signaling is interpreted by the transmitter and/orreceiver to belong to that channel. Such signaling may generally complywith transmission parameters and/or format/s for the channel.

Reference signaling may be signaling comprising one or more referencesymbols and/or structures. Reference signaling may be adapted forgauging and/or estimating and/or representing transmission conditions,e.g. channel conditions and/or transmission path conditions and/orchannel (or signal or transmission) quality. It may be considered thatthe transmission characteristics (e.g., signal strength and/or formand/or modulation and/or timing) of reference signaling are availablefor both transmitter and receiver of the signaling (e.g., due to beingpredefined and/or configured or configurable and/or being communicated).Different types of reference signaling may be considered, e.g.pertaining to uplink, downlink or sidelink, cell-specific (inparticular, cell-wide, e.g., CRS) or device or user specific (addressedto a specific target or user equipment, e.g., CSI-RS),demodulation-related (e.g., DMRS) and/or signal strength related, e.g.power-related or energy-related or amplitude-related (e.g., SRS or pilotsignaling) and/or phase-related, etc.

An antenna arrangement may comprise one or more antenna elements(radiating elements), which may be combined in antenna arrays. Anantenna array or subarray may comprise one antenna element, or aplurality of antenna elements, which may be arranged e.g. twodimensionally (for example, a panel) or three dimensionally. It may beconsidered that each antenna array or subarray or element is separatelycontrollable, respectively that different antenna arrays arecontrollable separately from each other. A single antennaelement/radiator may be considered the smallest example of a subarray.Examples of antenna arrays comprise one or more multi-antenna panels orone or more individually controllable antenna elements. An antennaarrangement may comprise a plurality of antenna arrays. It may beconsidered that an antenna arrangement is associated to a (specificand/or single) radio node, e.g. a configuring or informing or schedulingradio node, e.g. to be controlled or controllable by the radio node. Anantenna arrangement associated to a UE or terminal may be smaller (e.g.,in size and/or number of antenna elements or arrays) than the antennaarrangement associated to a network node. Antenna elements of an antennaarrangement may be configurable for different arrays, e.g. to change thebeam forming characteristics. In particular, antenna arrays may beformed by combining one or more independently or separately controllableantenna elements or subarrays. The beams may be provided by analogbeamforming, or in some variants by digital beamforming. The informingradio nodes may be configured with the manner of beam transmission, e.g.by transmitting a corresponding indicator or indication, for example asbeam identify indication. However, there may be considered cases inwhich the informing radio node/s are not configured with suchinformation, and/or operate transparently, not knowing the way ofbeamforming used. An antenna arrangement may be considered separatelycontrollable in regard to the phase and/or amplitude/power and/or gainof a signal feed to it for transmission, and/or separately controllableantenna arrangements may comprise an independent or separate transmitand/or receive unit and/or ADC (Analog-Digital-Converter, alternativelyan ADC chain) to convert digital control information into an analogantenna feed for the whole antenna arrangement (the ADC may beconsidered part of, and/or connected or connectable to, antennacircuitry). A scenario in which each antenna element is individuallycontrollable may be referred to as digital beamforming, whereas ascenario in which larger arrays/subarrays are separately controllablemay be considered an example of analog beamforming. Hybrid forms may beconsidered.

Uplink or sidelink signaling may be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division MultipleAccess) signaling. Downlink signaling may in particular be OFDMAsignaling. However, signaling is not limited thereto (Filter-Bank basedsignaling may be considered one alternative).

A radio node may generally be considered a device or node adapted forwireless and/or radio (and/or microwave) frequency communication, and/orfor communication utilizing an air interface, e.g. according to acommunication standard.

A radio node may be a network node, or a user equipment or terminal. Anetwork node may be any radio node of a wireless communication network,e.g. a base station and/or gNodeB (gNB) and/or eNodeB (eNB) and/or relaynode and/or micro/nano/pico/femto node and/or transmission point (TP)and/or access point (AP) and/or other node, in particular for a RAN asdescribed herein.

The terms wireless device, user equipment (UE) and terminal may beconsidered to be interchangeable in the context of this disclosure. Awireless device, user equipment or terminal may represent an end devicefor communication utilizing the wireless communication network, and/orbe implemented as a user equipment according to a standard. Examples ofuser equipments may comprise a phone like a smartphone, a personalcommunication device, a mobile phone or terminal, a computer, inparticular laptop, a sensor or machine with radio capability (and/oradapted for the air interface), in particular for MTC(Machine-Type-Communication, sometimes also referred to M2M,Machine-To-Machine), or a vehicle adapted for wireless communication. Auser equipment or terminal may be mobile or stationary.

A radio node may generally comprise processing circuitry and/or radiocircuitry. A radio node, in particular a network node, may in some casescomprise cable circuitry and/or communication circuitry, with which itmay be connected or connectable to another radio node and/or a corenetwork.

Circuitry may comprise integrated circuitry. Processing circuitry maycomprise one or more processors and/or controllers (e.g.,microcontrollers), and/or ASICs (Application Specific IntegratedCircuitry) and/or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array), or similar. Itmay be considered that processing circuitry comprises, and/or is(operatively) connected or connectable to one or more memories or memoryarrangements. A memory arrangement may comprise one or more memories. Amemory may be adapted to store digital information. Examples formemories comprise volatile and non-volatile memory, and/or Random AccessMemory (RAM), and/or Read-Only-Memory (ROM), and/or magnetic and/oroptical memory, and/or flash memory, and/or hard disk memory, and/orEPROM or EEPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM or Electrically ErasableProgrammable ROM).

Radio circuitry may comprise one or more transmitters and/or receiversand/or transceivers (a transceiver may operate or be operable astransmitter and receiver, and/or may comprise joint or separatedcircuitry for receiving and transmitting, e.g. in one package orhousing), and/or may comprise one or more amplifiers and/or oscillatorsand/or filters, and/or may comprise, and/or be connected or connectableto antenna circuitry and/or one or more antennas and/or antenna arrays.An antenna array may comprise one or more antennas, which may bearranged in a dimensional array, e.g. 2D or 3D array, and/or antennapanels. A remote radio head (RRH) may be considered as an example of anantenna array. However, in some variants, a RRH may be also beimplemented as a network node, depending on the kind of circuitry and/orfunctionality implemented therein.

Communication circuitry may comprise radio circuitry and/or cablecircuitry. Communication circuitry generally may comprise one or moreinterfaces, which may be air interface/s and/or cable interface/s and/oroptical interface/s, e.g. laser-based. Interface/s may be in particularpacket-based. Cable circuitry and/or a cable interfaces may comprise,and/or be connected or connectable to, one or more cables (e.g., opticalfiber-based and/or wire-based), which may be directly or indirectly(e.g., via one or more intermediate systems and/or interfaces) beconnected or connectable to a target, e.g. controlled by communicationcircuitry and/or processing circuitry.

Any one or all of the modules disclosed herein may be implemented insoftware and/or firmware and/or hardware. Different modules may beassociated to different components of a radio node, e.g. differentcircuitries or different parts of a circuitry. It may be considered thata module is distributed over different components and/or circuitries. Aprogram product as described herein may comprise the modules related toa device on which the program product is intended (e.g., a userequipment or network node) to be executed (the execution may beperformed on, and/or controlled by the associated circuitry).

A radio access network may be a wireless communication network, and/or aRadio Access Network (RAN) in particular according to a communicationstandard. A communication standard may in particular a standardaccording to 3GPP and/or 5G, e.g. according to NR or LTE, in particularLTE Evolution.

A wireless communication network may be and/or comprise a Radio AccessNetwork (RAN), which may be and/or comprise any kind of cellular and/orwireless radio network, which may be connected or connectable to a corenetwork. The approaches described herein are particularly suitable for a5G network, e.g. LTE Evolution and/or NR (New Radio), respectivelysuccessors thereof. A RAN may comprise one or more network nodes, and/orone or more terminals, and/or one or more radio nodes. A network nodemay in particular be a radio node adapted for radio and/or wirelessand/or cellular communication with one or more terminals. A terminal maybe any device adapted for radio and/or wireless and/or cellularcommunication with or within a RAN, e.g. a user equipment (UE) or mobilephone or smartphone or computing device or vehicular communicationdevice or device for machine-type-communication (MTC), etc. A terminalmay be mobile, or in some cases stationary. A RAN or a wirelesscommunication network may comprise at least one network node and a UE,or at least two radio nodes. There may be generally considered awireless communication network or system, e.g. a RAN or RAN system,comprising at least one radio node, and/or at least one network node andat least one terminal.

Transmitting in downlink may pertain to transmission from the network ornetwork node to the terminal. Transmitting in uplink may pertain totransmission from the terminal to the network or network node.Transmitting in sidelink may pertain to (direct) transmission from oneterminal to another. Uplink, downlink and sidelink (e.g., sidelinktransmission and reception) may be considered communication directions.In some variants, uplink and downlink may also be used to describedwireless communication between network nodes, e.g. for wireless backhauland/or relay communication and/or (wireless) network communication forexample between base stations or similar network nodes, in particularcommunication terminating at such. It may be considered that backhauland/or relay communication and/or network communication is implementedas a form of sidelink or uplink communication or similar thereto.

Control information or a control information message or correspondingsignaling (control signaling) may be transmitted on a control channel,e.g. a physical control channel, which may be a downlink channel or (ora sidelink channel in some cases, e.g. one UE scheduling another UE).For example, control information/allocation information may be signaledby a network node on PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and/or aPDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and/or a HARQ-specific channel.Acknowledgement signaling, e.g. as a form of control information orsignaling like uplink control information/signaling, may be transmittedby a terminal on a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and/or PUSCH(Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and/or a HARQ-specific channel.Multiple channels may apply for multi-component/multi-carrier indicationor signaling.

Signaling may generally be considered to represent an electromagneticwave structure (e.g., over a time interval and frequency interval),which is intended to convey information to at least one specific orgeneric (e.g., anyone who might pick up the signaling) target. A processof signaling may comprise transmitting the signaling. Transmittingsignaling, in particular control signaling or communication signaling,e.g. comprising or representing acknowledgement signaling and/orresource requesting information, may comprise encoding and/ormodulating. Encoding and/or modulating may comprise error detectioncoding and/or forward error correction encoding and/or scrambling.Receiving control signaling may comprise corresponding decoding and/ordemodulation. Error detection coding may comprise, and/or be based on,parity or checksum approaches, e.g. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).Forward error correction coding may comprise and/or be based on forexample turbo coding and/or Reed-Muller coding, and/or polar codingand/or LDPC coding (Low Density Parity Check). The type of coding usedmay be based on the channel (e.g., physical channel) the coded signal isassociated to. A code rate may represent the ratio of the number ofinformation bits before encoding to the number of encoded bits afterencoding, considering that encoding adds coding bits for error detectioncoding and forward error correction. Coded bits may refer to informationbits (also called systematic bits) plus coding bits.

Communication signaling may comprise, and/or represent, and/or beimplemented as, data signaling, and/or user plane signaling.Communication signaling may be associated to a data channel, e.g. aphysical downlink channel or physical uplink channel or physicalsidelink channel, in particular a PDSCH (Physical Downlink SharedChannel) or PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel). Generally, a datachannel may be a shared channel or a dedicated channel. Data signalingmay be signaling associated to and/or on a data channel.

An indication generally may explicitly and/or implicitly indicate theinformation it represents and/or indicates. Implicit indication may forexample be based on position and/or resource used for transmission.Explicit indication may for example be based on a parametrization withone or more parameters, and/or one or more index or indices, and/or oneor more bit patterns representing the information. It may in particularbe considered that control signaling as described herein, based on theutilized resource sequence, implicitly indicates the control signalingtype.

A resource element may generally describe the smallest individuallyusable and/or encodable and/or decodable and/or modulatable and/ordemodulatable time-frequency resource, and/or may describe atime-frequency resource covering a symbol time length in time and asubcarrier in frequency. A signal may be allocatable and/or allocated toa resource element. A subcarrier may be a subband of a carrier, e.g. asdefined by a standard. A carrier may define a frequency and/or frequencyband for transmission and/or reception. In some variants, a signal(jointly encoded/modulated) may cover more than one resource elements. Aresource element may generally be as defined by a correspondingstandard, e.g. NR or LTE. As symbol time length and/or subcarrierspacing (and/or numerology) may be different between different symbolsand/or subcarriers, different resource elements may have differentextension (length/width) in time and/or frequency domain, in particularresource elements pertaining to different carriers.

A resource generally may represent a time-frequency and/or coderesource, on which signaling, e.g. according to a specific format, maybe communicated, for example transmitted and/or received, and/or beintended for transmission and/or reception.

A border symbol may generally represent a starting symbol or an endingsymbol for transmitting and/or receiving. A starting symbol may inparticular be a starting symbol of uplink or sidelink signaling, forexample control signaling or data signaling. Such signaling may be on adata channel or control channel, e.g. a physical channel, in particulara physical uplink shared channel (like PUSCH) or a sidelink data orshared channel, or a physical uplink control channel (like PUCCH) or asidelink control channel. If the starting symbol is associated tocontrol signaling (e.g., on a control channel), the control signalingmay be in response to received signaling (in sidelink or downlink), e.g.representing acknowledgement signaling associated thereto, which may beHARQ or ARQ signaling. An ending symbol may represent an ending symbol(in time) of downlink or sidelink transmission or signaling, which maybe intended or scheduled for the radio node or user equipment. Suchdownlink signaling may in particular be data signaling, e.g. on aphysical downlink channel like a shared channel, e.g. a PDSCH (PhysicalDownlink Shared Channel). A starting symbol may be determined based on,and/or in relation to, such an ending symbol.

Configuring a radio node, in particular a terminal or user equipment,may refer to the radio node being adapted or caused or set and/orinstructed to operate according to the configuration. Configuring may bedone by another device, e.g., a network node (for example, a radio nodeof the network like a base station or eNodeB) or network, in which caseit may comprise transmitting configuration data to the radio node to beconfigured. Such configuration data may represent the configuration tobe configured and/or comprise one or more instruction pertaining to aconfiguration, e.g. a configuration for transmitting and/or receiving onallocated resources, in particular frequency resources. A radio node mayconfigure itself, e.g., based on configuration data received from anetwork or network node. A network node may utilize, and/or be adaptedto utilize, its circuitry/ies for configuring. Allocation informationmay be considered a form of configuration data. Configuration data maycomprise and/or be represented by configuration information, and/or oneor more corresponding indications and/or message/s

Generally, configuring may include determining configuration datarepresenting the configuration and providing, e.g. transmitting, it toone or more other nodes (parallel and/or sequentially), which maytransmit it further to the radio node (or another node, which may berepeated until it reaches the wireless device). Alternatively, oradditionally, configuring a radio node, e.g., by a network node or otherdevice, may include receiving configuration data and/or data pertainingto configuration data, e.g., from another node like a network node,which may be a higher-level node of the network, and/or transmittingreceived configuration data to the radio node. Accordingly, determininga configuration and transmitting the configuration data to the radionode may be performed by different network nodes or entities, which maybe able to communicate via a suitable interface, e.g., an X2 interfacein the case of LTE or a corresponding interface for NR. Configuring aterminal may comprise scheduling downlink and/or uplink transmissionsfor the terminal, e.g. downlink data and/or downlink control signalingand/or DCI and/or uplink control or data or communication signaling, inparticular acknowledgement signaling, and/or configuring resourcesand/or a resource pool therefor.

A resource structure may be considered to be neighbored in frequencydomain by another resource structure, if they share a common borderfrequency, e.g. one as an upper frequency border and the other as alower frequency border. Such a border may for example be represented bythe upper end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n, which alsorepresents the lower end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n+1. Aresource structure may be considered to be neighbored in time domain byanother resource structure, if they share a common border time, e.g. oneas an upper (or right in the figures) border and the other as a lower(or left in the figures) border. Such a border may for example berepresented by the end of the symbol time interval assigned to a symboln, which also represents the beginning of a symbol time intervalassigned to a symbol n+1.

Generally, a resource structure being neighbored by another resourcestructure in a domain may also be referred to as abutting and/orbordering the other resource structure in the domain.

A resource structure may general represent a structure in time and/orfrequency domain, in particular representing a time interval and afrequency interval. A resource structure may comprise and/or becomprised of resource elements, and/or the time interval of a resourcestructure may comprise and/or be comprised of symbol time interval/s,and/or the frequency interval of a resource structure may compriseand/or be comprised of subcarrier/s. A resource element may beconsidered an example for a resource structure, a slot or mini-slot or aPhysical Resource Block (PRB) or parts thereof may be considered others.A resource structure may be associated to a specific channel, e.g. aPUSCH or PUCCH, in particular resource structure smaller than a slot orPRB.

Examples of a resource structure in frequency domain comprise abandwidth or band, or a bandwidth part. A bandwidth part may be a partof a bandwidth available for a radio node for communicating, e.g. due tocircuitry and/or configuration and/or regulations and/or a standard. Abandwidth part may be configured or configurable to a radio node. Insome variants, a bandwidth part may be the part of a bandwidth used forcommunicating, e.g. transmitting and/or receiving, by a radio node. Thebandwidth part may be smaller than the bandwidth (which may be a devicebandwidth defined by the circuitry/configuration of a device, and/or asystem bandwidth, e.g. available for a RAN). It may be considered that abandwidth part comprises one or more resource blocks or resource blockgroups, in particular one or more PRBs or PRB groups. A bandwidth partmay pertain to, and/or comprise, one or more carriers.

A carrier may generally represent a frequency range or band and/orpertain to a central frequency and an associated frequency interval. Itmay be considered that a carrier comprises a plurality of subcarriers. Acarrier may have assigned to it a central frequency or center frequencyinterval, e.g. represented by one or more subcarriers (to eachsubcarrier there may be generally assigned a frequency bandwidth orinterval). Different carriers may be non-overlapping, and/or may beneighboring in frequency domain.

It should be noted that the term “radio” in this disclosure may beconsidered to pertain to wireless communication in general, and may alsoinclude wireless communication utilizing microwave and/or millimeterand/or other frequencies, in particular between 100 MHz or 1 GHz, and100 GHz or 20 or 10 GHz. Such communication may utilize one or morecarriers.

A radio node, in particular a network node or a terminal, may generallybe any device adapted for transmitting and/or receiving radio and/orwireless signals and/or data, in particular communication data, inparticular on at least one carrier. The at least one carrier maycomprise a carrier accessed based on a LBT procedure (which may becalled LBT carrier), e.g., an unlicensed carrier. It may be consideredthat the carrier is part of a carrier aggregate.

Receiving or transmitting on a cell or carrier may refer to receiving ortransmitting utilizing a frequency (band) or spectrum associated to thecell or carrier. A cell may generally comprise and/or be defined by orfor one or more carriers, in particular at least one carrier for ULcommunication/transmission (called UL carrier) and at least one carrierfor DL communication/transmission (called DL carrier). It may beconsidered that a cell comprises different numbers of UL carriers and DLcarriers. Alternatively, or additionally, a cell may comprise at leastone carrier for UL communication/transmission and DLcommunication/transmission, e.g., in TDD-based approaches.

A channel may generally be a logical, transport or physical channel. Achannel may comprise and/or be arranged on one or more carriers, inparticular a plurality of subcarriers. A channel carrying and/or forcarrying control signaling/control information may be considered acontrol channel, in particular if it is a physical layer channel and/orif it carries control plane information. Analogously, a channel carryingand/or for carrying data signaling/user information may be considered adata channel, in particular if it is a physical layer channel and/or ifit carries user plane information. A channel may be defined for aspecific communication direction, or for two complementary communicationdirections (e.g., UL and DL, or sidelink in two directions), in whichcase it may be considered to have two component channels, one for eachdirection. Examples of channels comprise a channel for low latencyand/or high reliability transmission, in particular a channel forUltra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), which may be forcontrol and/or data.

In general, a symbol may represent and/or be associated to a symbol timelength, which may be dependent on the carrier and/or subcarrier spacingand/or numerology of the associated carrier. Accordingly, a symbol maybe considered to indicate a time interval having a symbol time length inrelation to frequency domain. A symbol time length may be dependent on acarrier frequency and/or bandwidth and/or numerology and/or subcarrierspacing of, or associated to, a symbol. Accordingly, different symbolsmay have different symbol time lengths. In particular, numerologies withdifferent subcarrier spacings may have different symbol time length.Generally, a symbol time length may be based on, and/or include, a guardtime interval or cyclic extension, e.g. prefix or postfix.

A sidelink may generally represent a communication channel (or channelstructure) between two UEs and/or terminals, in which data istransmitted between the participants (UEs and/or terminals) via thecommunication channel, e.g. directly and/or without being relayed via anetwork node. A sidelink may be established only and/or directly via airinterface/s of the participant, which may be directly linked via thesidelink communication channel. In some variants, sidelink communicationmay be performed without interaction by a network node, e.g. on fixedlydefined resources and/or on resources negotiated between theparticipants. Alternatively, or additionally, it may be considered thata network node provides some control functionality, e.g. by configuringresources, in particular one or more resource pool/s, for sidelinkcommunication, and/or monitoring a sidelink, e.g. for charging purposes.

Sidelink communication may also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D)communication, and/or in some cases as ProSe (Proximity Services)communication, e.g. in the context of LTE. A sidelink may be implementedin the context of V2x communication (Vehicular communication), e.g. V2V(Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) and/or V2P(Vehicle-to-Person). Any device adapted for sidelink communication maybe considered a user equipment or terminal.

A sidelink communication channel (or structure) may comprise one or more(e.g., physical or logical) channels, e.g. a PSCCH (Physical SidelinkControl Channel), which may for example carry control information likean acknowledgement position indication, and/or a PSSCH (PhysicalSidelink Shared Channel), which for example may carry data and/oracknowledgement signaling. It may be considered that a sidelinkcommunication channel (or structure) pertains to and/or used one or morecarrier/s and/or frequency range/s associated to, and/or being used by,cellular communication, e.g. according to a specific license and/orstandard. Participants may share a (physical) channel and/or resources,in particular in frequency domain and/or related to a frequency resourcelike a carrier) of a sidelink, such that two or more participantstransmit thereon, e.g. simultaneously, and/or time-shifted, and/or theremay be associated specific channels and/or resources to specificparticipants, so that for example only one participant transmits on aspecific channel or on a specific resource or specific resources, e.g.,in frequency domain and/or related to one or more carriers orsubcarriers.

A sidelink may comply with, and/or be implemented according to, aspecific standard, e.g. a LTE-based standard and/or NR. A sidelink mayutilize TDD (Time Division Duplex) and/or FDD (Frequency DivisionDuplex) technology, e.g. as configured by a network node, and/orpreconfigured and/or negotiated between the participants. A userequipment may be considered to be adapted for sidelink communication ifit, and/or its radio circuitry and/or processing circuitry, is adaptedfor utilizing a sidelink, e.g. on one or more frequency ranges and/orcarriers and/or in one or more formats, in particular according to aspecific standard. It may be generally considered that a Radio AccessNetwork is defined by two participants of a sidelink communication.Alternatively, or additionally, a Radio Access Network may berepresented, and/or defined with, and/or be related to a network nodeand/or communication with such a node.

Communication or communicating may generally comprise transmittingand/or receiving signaling. Communication on a sidelink (or sidelinksignaling) may comprise utilizing the sidelink for communication(respectively, for signaling). Sidelink transmission and/or transmittingon a sidelink may be considered to comprise transmission utilizing thesidelink, e.g. associated resources and/or transmission formats and/orcircuitry and/or the air interface. Sidelink reception and/or receivingon a sidelink may be considered to comprise reception utilizing thesidelink, e.g. associated resources and/or transmission formats and/orcircuitry and/or the air interface. Sidelink control information (e.g.,SCI) may generally be considered to comprise control informationtransmitted utilizing a sidelink.

Generally, carrier aggregation (CA) may refer to the concept of a radioconnection and/or communication link between a wireless and/or cellularcommunication network and/or network node and a terminal or on asidelink comprising a plurality of carriers for at least one directionof transmission (e.g. DL and/or UL), as well as to the aggregate ofcarriers. A corresponding communication link may be referred to ascarrier aggregated communication link or CA communication link; carriersin a carrier aggregate may be referred to as component carriers (CC). Insuch a link, data may be transmitted over more than one of the carriersand/or all the carriers of the carrier aggregation (the aggregate ofcarriers). A carrier aggregation may comprise one (or more) dedicatedcontrol carriers and/or primary carriers (which may e.g. be referred toas primary component carrier or PCC), over which control information maybe transmitted, wherein the control information may refer to the primarycarrier and other carriers, which may be referred to as secondarycarriers (or secondary component carrier, SCC). However, in someapproaches, control information may be sent over more than one carrierof an aggregate, e.g. one or more PCCs and one PCC and one or more SCCs.

A transmission may generally pertain to a specific channel and/orspecific resources, in particular with a starting symbol and endingsymbol in time, covering the interval therebetween. A scheduledtransmission may be a transmission scheduled and/or expected and/or forwhich resources are scheduled or provided or reserved. However, notevery scheduled transmission has to be realized. For example, ascheduled downlink transmission may not be received, or a scheduleduplink transmission may not be transmitted due to power limitations, orother influences (e.g., a channel on an unlicensed carrier beingoccupied). A transmission may be scheduled for a transmission timingsubstructure (e.g., a mini-slot, and/or covering only a part of atransmission timing structure) within a transmission timing structurelike a slot. A border symbol may be indicative of a symbol in thetransmission timing structure at which the transmission starts or ends.

Predefined in the context of this disclosure may refer to the relatedinformation being defined for example in a standard, and/or beingavailable without specific configuration from a network or network node,e.g. stored in memory, for example independent of being configured.Configured or configurable may be considered to pertain to thecorresponding information being set/configured, e.g. by the network or anetwork node.

A configuration or schedule, like a mini-slot configuration and/orstructure configuration, may schedule transmissions, e.g. for thetime/transmissions it is valid, and/or transmissions may be scheduled byseparate signaling or separate configuration, e.g. separate RRCsignaling and/or downlink control information signaling. Thetransmission/s scheduled may represent signaling to be transmitted bythe device for which it is scheduled, or signaling to be received by thedevice for which it is scheduled, depending on which side of acommunication the device is. It should be noted that downlink controlinformation or specifically DCI signaling may be considered physicallayer signaling, in contrast to higher layer signaling like MAC (MediumAccess Control) signaling or RRC layer signaling. The higher the layerof signaling is, the less frequent/the more time/resource consuming itmay be considered, at least partially due to the information containedin such signaling having to be passed on through several layers, eachlayer requiring processing and handling.

A scheduled transmission, and/or transmission timing structure like amini-slot or slot, may pertain to a specific channel, in particular aphysical uplink shared channel, a physical uplink control channel, or aphysical downlink shared channel, e.g. PUSCH, PUCCH or PDSCH, and/or maypertain to a specific cell and/or carrier aggregation. A correspondingconfiguration, e.g. scheduling configuration or symbol configuration maypertain to such channel, cell and/or carrier aggregation. It may beconsidered that the scheduled transmission represents transmission on aphysical channel, in particular a shared physical channel, for example aphysical uplink shared channel or physical downlink shared channel. Forsuch channels, semi-persistent configuring may be particularly suitable.

Generally, a configuration may be a configuration indicating timing,and/or be represented or configured with corresponding configurationdata. A configuration may be embedded in, and/or comprised in, a messageor configuration or corresponding data, which may indicate and/orschedule resources, in particular semi-persistently and/orsemi-statically.

A control region of a transmission timing structure may be an intervalin time for intended or scheduled or reserved for control signaling, inparticular downlink control signaling, and/or for a specific controlchannel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel like PDCCH. Theinterval may comprise, and/or consist of, a number of symbols in time,which may be configured or configurable, e.g. by (UE-specific) dedicatedsignaling (which may be single-cast, for example addressed to orintended for a specific UE), e.g. on a PDCCH, or RRC signaling, or on amulticast or broadcast channel. In general, the transmission timingstructure may comprise a control region covering a configurable numberof symbols. It may be considered that in general the border symbol isconfigured to be after the control region in time.

The duration of a symbol (symbol time length or interval) of thetransmission timing structure may generally be dependent on a numerologyand/or carrier, wherein the numerology and/or carrier may beconfigurable. The numerology may be the numerology to be used for thescheduled transmission.

Scheduling a device, or for a device, and/or related transmission orsignaling, may be considered comprising, or being a form of, configuringthe device with resources, and/or of indicating to the device resources,e.g. to use for communicating. Scheduling may in particular pertain to atransmission timing structure, or a substructure thereof (e.g., a slotor a mini-slot, which may be considered a substructure of a slot). Itmay be considered that a border symbol may be identified and/ordetermined in relation to the transmission timing structure even if fora substructure being scheduled, e.g. if an underlying timing grid isdefined based on the transmission timing structure. Signaling indicatingscheduling may comprise corresponding scheduling information and/or beconsidered to represent or contain configuration data indicating thescheduled transmission and/or comprising scheduling information. Suchconfiguration data or signaling may be considered a resourceconfiguration or scheduling configuration. It should be noted that sucha configuration (in particular as single message) in some cases may notbe complete without other configuration data, e.g. configured with othersignaling, e.g. higher layer signaling.

In particular, the symbol configuration may be provided in addition toscheduling/resource configuration to identify exactly which symbols areassigned to a scheduled transmission. A scheduling (or resource)configuration may indicate transmission timing structure/s and/orresource amount (e.g., in number of symbols or length in time) for ascheduled transmission.

A scheduled transmission may be transmission scheduled, e.g. by thenetwork or network node. Transmission may in this context may be uplink(UL) or downlink (DL) or sidelink (SL) transmission. A device, e.g. auser equipment, for which the scheduled transmission is scheduled, mayaccordingly be scheduled to receive (e.g., in DL or SL), or to transmit(e.g. in UL or SL) the scheduled transmission. Scheduling transmissionmay in particular be considered to comprise configuring a scheduleddevice with resource/s for this transmission, and/or informing thedevice that the transmission is intended and/or scheduled for someresources. A transmission may be scheduled to cover a time interval, inparticular a successive number of symbols, which may form a continuousinterval in time between (and including) a starting symbol and an endingsymbol. The starting symbol and the ending symbol of a (e.g., scheduled)transmission may be within the same transmission timing structure, e.g.the same slot. However, in some cases, the ending symbol may be in alater transmission timing structure than the starting symbol, inparticular a structure following in time. To a scheduled transmission, aduration may be associated and/or indicated, e.g. in a number of symbolsor associated time intervals. In some variants, there may be differenttransmissions scheduled in the same transmission timing structure. Ascheduled transmission may be considered to be associated to a specificchannel, e.g. a shared channel like PUSCH or PDSCH.

In the context of this disclosure, there may be distinguished betweendynamically scheduled or aperiodic transmission and/or configuration,and semi-static or semi-persistent or periodic transmission and/orconfiguration. The term “dynamic” or similar terms may generally pertainto configuration/transmission valid and/or scheduled and/or configuredfor (relatively) short timescales and/or a (e.g., predefined and/orconfigured and/or limited and/or definite) number of occurrences and/ortransmission timing structures, e.g. one or more transmission timingstructures like slots or slot aggregations, and/or for one or more(e.g., specific number) of transmission/occurrences. Dynamicconfiguration may be based on low-level signaling, e.g. controlsignaling on the physical layer and/or MAC layer, in particular in theform of DCI or SCI. Periodic/semi-static may pertain to longertimescales, e.g. several slots and/or more than one frame, and/or anon-defined number of occurrences, e.g., until a dynamic configurationcontradicts, or until a new periodic configuration arrives. A periodicor semi-static configuration may be based on, and/or be configured with,higher-layer signaling, in particular RCL layer signaling and/or RRCsignaling and/or MAC signaling.

A transmission timing structure may comprise a plurality of symbols,and/or define an interval comprising several symbols (respectively theirassociated time intervals). In the context of this disclosure, it shouldbe noted that a reference to a symbol for ease of reference may beinterpreted to refer to the time domain projection or time interval ortime component or duration or length in time of the symbol, unless it isclear from the context that the frequency domain component also has tobe considered. Examples of transmission timing structures include slot,subframe, mini-slot (which also may be considered a substructure of aslot), slot aggregation (which may comprise a plurality of slots and maybe considered a superstructure of a slot), respectively their timedomain component. A transmission timing structure may generally comprisea plurality of symbols defining the time domain extension (e.g.,interval or length or duration) of the transmission timing structure,and arranged neighboring to each other in a numbered sequence. A timingstructure (which may also be considered or implemented assynchronization structure) may be defined by a succession of suchtransmission timing structures, which may for example define a timinggrid with symbols representing the smallest grid structures. Atransmission timing structure, and/or a border symbol or a scheduledtransmission may be determined or scheduled in relation to such a timinggrid. A transmission timing structure of reception may be thetransmission timing structure in which the scheduling control signalingis received, e.g. in relation to the timing grid. A transmission timingstructure may in particular be a slot or subframe or in some cases, amini-slot.

Feedback signaling may be considered a form or control signaling, e.g.uplink or sidelink control signaling, like UCI (Uplink ControlInformation) signaling or SCI (Sidelink Control Information) signaling.Feedback signaling may in particular comprise and/or representacknowledgement signaling and/or acknowledgement information and/ormeasurement reporting.

Acknowledgement information may comprise an indication of a specificvalue or state for an acknowledgement signaling process, e.g. ACK orNACK or DTX. Such an indication may for example represent a bit or bitvalue or bit pattern or an information switch. Different levels ofacknowledgement information, e.g. providing differentiated informationabout quality of reception and/or error position in received dataelement/s may be considered and/or represented by control signaling.Acknowledgment information may generally indicate acknowledgment ornon-acknowledgment or non-reception or different levels thereof, e.g.representing ACK or NACK or DTX. Acknowledgment information may pertainto one acknowledgement signaling process. Acknowledgement signaling maycomprise acknowledgement information pertaining to one or moreacknowledgement signaling processes, in particular one or more HARQ orARQ processes. It may be considered that to each acknowledgmentsignaling process the acknowledgement information pertains to, aspecific number of bits of the information size of the control signalingis assigned. Measurement reporting signaling may comprise measurementinformation.

Signaling may generally comprise one or more symbols and/or signalsand/or messages. A signal may comprise and/or represent one or morebits, which may be modulated into a common modulated signal. Anindication may represent signaling, and/or be implemented as a signal,or as a plurality of signals. One or more signals may be included inand/or represented by a message. Signaling, in particular controlsignaling, may comprise a plurality of signals and/or messages, whichmay be transmitted on different carriers and/or be associated todifferent acknowledgement signaling processes, e.g. representing and/orpertaining to one or more such processes. An indication may comprisesignaling and/or a plurality of signals and/or messages and/or may becomprised therein, which may be transmitted on different carriers and/orbe associated to different acknowledgement signaling processes, e.g.representing and/or pertaining to one or more such processes.

Signaling utilizing, and/or on and/or associated to, resources or aresource structure may be signaling covering the resources or structure,signaling on the associated frequency/ies and/or in the associated timeinterval/s. It may be considered that a signaling resource structurecomprises and/or encompasses one or more substructures, which may beassociated to one or more different channels and/or types of signalingand/or comprise one or more holes (resource element/s not scheduled fortransmissions or reception of transmissions). A resource substructure,e.g. a feedback resource structure, may generally be continuous in timeand/or frequency, within the associated intervals. It may be consideredthat a substructure, in particular a feedback resource structure,represents a rectangle filled with one or more resource elements intime/frequency space. However, in some cases, a resource structure orsubstructure, in particular a frequency resource range, may represent anon-continuous pattern of resources in one or more domains, e.g. timeand/or frequency. The resource elements of a substructure may bescheduled for associated signaling.

It should generally be noted that the number of bits or a bit rateassociated to specific signaling that can be carried on a resourceelement may be based on a modulation and coding scheme (MCS). Thus, bitsor a bit rate may be seen as a form of resources representing a resourcestructure or range in frequency and/or time, e.g. depending on MCS. TheMCS may be configured or configurable, e.g. by control signaling, e.g.DCI or MAC (Medium Access Control) or RRC (Radio Resource Control)signaling.

Different formats of for control information may be considered, e.g.different formats for a control channel like a Physical Uplink ControlChannel (PUCCH). PUCCH may carry control information or correspondingcontrol signaling, e.g. Uplink Control Information (UCI). UCI maycomprise feedback signaling, and/or acknowledgement signaling like HARQfeedback (ACK/NACK), and/or measurement information signaling, e.g.comprising Channel Quality Information (CQI), and/or Scheduling Request(SR) signaling. One of the supported PUCCH formats may be short, and maye.g. occur at the end of a slot interval, and/or multiplexed and/orneighboring to PUSCH. Similar control information may be provided on asidelink, e.g. as Sidelink Control Information (SCI), in particular on a(physical) sidelink control channel, like a (P)SCCH.

A code block may be considered a subelement of a data element like atransport block, e.g., a transport block may comprise a one or aplurality of code blocks.

A scheduling assignment may be configured with control signaling, e.g.downlink control signaling or sidelink control signaling. Such controlssignaling may be considered to represent and/or comprise schedulingsignaling, which may indicate scheduling information. A schedulingassignment may be considered scheduling information indicatingscheduling of signaling/transmission of signaling, in particularpertaining to signaling received or to be received by the deviceconfigured with the scheduling assignment. It may be considered that ascheduling assignment may indicate data (e.g., data block or elementand/or channel and/or data stream) and/or an (associated)acknowledgement signaling process and/or resource/s on which the data(or, in some cases, reference signaling) is to be received and/orindicate resource/s for associated feedback signaling, and/or a feedbackresource range on which associated feedback signaling is to betransmitted. Transmission associated to an acknowledgement signalingprocess, and/or the associated resources or resource structure, may beconfigured and/or scheduled, for example by a scheduling assignment.Different scheduling assignments may be associated to differentacknowledgement signaling processes. A scheduling assignment may beconsidered an example of downlink control information or signaling, e.g.if transmitted by a network node and/or provided on downlink (orsidelink control information if transmitted using a sidelink and/or by auser equipment).

A scheduling grant (e.g., uplink grant) may represent control signaling(e.g., downlink control information/signaling). It may be consideredthat a scheduling grant configures the signaling resource range and/orresources for uplink (or sidelink) signaling, in particular uplinkcontrol signaling and/or feedback signaling, e.g. acknowledgementsignaling. Configuring the signaling resource range and/or resources maycomprise configuring or scheduling it for transmission by the configuredradio node. A scheduling grant may indicate a channel and/or possiblechannels to be used/usable for the feedback signaling, in particularwhether a shared channel like a PUSCH may be used/is to be used. Ascheduling grant may generally indicate uplink resource/s and/or anuplink channel and/or a format for control information pertaining toassociated scheduling assignments. Both grant and assignment/s may beconsidered (downlink or sidelink) control information, and/or beassociated to, and/or transmitted with, different messages.

A resource structure in frequency domain (which may be referred to asfrequency interval and/or range) may be represented by a subcarriergrouping. A subcarrier grouping may comprise one or more subcarriers,each of which may represent a specific frequency interval, and/orbandwidth. The bandwidth of a subcarrier, the length of the interval infrequency domain, may be determined by the subcarrier spacing and/ornumerology. The subcarriers may be arranged such that each subcarrierneighbors at least one other subcarrier of the grouping in frequencyspace (for grouping sizes larger than 1). The subcarriers of a groupingmay be associated to the same carrier, e.g. configurably or configuredof predefined. A physical resource block may be consideredrepresentative of a grouping (in frequency domain). A subcarriergrouping may be considered to be associated to a specific channel and/ortype of signaling, if transmission for such channel or signaling isscheduled and/or transmitted and/or intended and/or configured for atleast one, or a plurality, or all subcarriers in the grouping. Suchassociation may be time-dependent, e.g. configured or configurable orpredefined, and/or dynamic or semi-static. The association may bedifferent for different devices, e.g. configured or configurable orpredefined, and/or dynamic or semi-static. Patterns of subcarriergroupings may be considered, which may comprise one or more subcarriergroupings (which may be associated to same or differentsignalings/channels), and/or one or more groupings without associatedsignaling (e.g., as seen from a specific device). An example of apattern is a comb, for which between pairs of groupings associated tothe same signaling/channel there are arranged one or more groupingsassociated to one or more different channels and/or signaling types,and/or one or more groupings without associated channel/signaling).

Example types of signaling comprise signaling of a specificcommunication direction, in particular, uplink signaling, downlinksignaling, sidelink signaling, as well as reference signaling (e.g., SRSor CRS or CSI-RS), communication signaling, control signaling, and/orsignaling associated to a specific channel like PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH,PDCCH, PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.).

In this disclosure, for purposes of explanation and not limitation,specific details are set forth (such as particular network functions,processes and signaling steps) in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the technique presented herein. It will be apparent toone skilled in the art that the present concepts and aspects may bepracticed in other variants and variants that depart from these specificdetails.

For example, the concepts and variants are partially described in thecontext of Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) or NewRadio mobile or wireless communications technologies; however, this doesnot rule out the use of the present concepts and aspects in connectionwith additional or alternative mobile communication technologies such asthe Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). While describedvariants may pertain to certain Technical Specifications (TSs) of theThird Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), it will be appreciated thatthe present approaches, concepts and aspects could also be realized inconnection with different Performance Management (PM) specifications.

Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the services,functions and steps explained herein may be implemented using softwarefunctioning in conjunction with a programmed microprocessor, or using anApplication Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Digital SignalProcessor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or generalpurpose computer. It will also be appreciated that while the variantsdescribed herein are elucidated in the context of methods and devices,the concepts and aspects presented herein may also be embodied in aprogram product as well as in a system comprising control circuitry,e.g. a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor, whereinthe memory is encoded with one or more programs or program products thatexecute the services, functions and steps disclosed herein.

It is believed that the advantages of the aspects and variants presentedherein will be fully understood from the foregoing description, and itwill be apparent that various changes may be made in the form,constructions and arrangement of the exemplary aspects thereof withoutdeparting from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein orwithout sacrificing all of its advantageous effects. The aspectspresented herein can be varied in many ways.

Some useful abbreviations comprise

Abbreviation Explanation ACK/NACK Acknowledgment/NegativeAcknowledgement ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest CAZAC Constant AmplitudeZero Cross Correlation CBG Code Block Group CDM Code Division MultiplexCM Cubic Metric CQI Channel Quality Information CRC Cyclic RedundancyCheck CRS Common reference signal CSI Channel State Information CSI-RSChannel state information reference signal DAI Downlink AssignmentIndicator DCI Downlink Control Information DFT Discrete FourierTransform DM(-)RS Demodulation reference signal(ing) FDM FrequencyDivision Multiplex HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request IFFT InverseFast Fourier Transform MBB Mobile Broadband MCS Modulation and CodingScheme MIMO Multiple-input-multiple-output MRC Maximum-ratio combiningMRT Maximum-ratio transmission MU-MIMO Multiusermultiple-input-multiple-output OFDM/A Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplex/Multiple Access PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio PDCCHPhysical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared ChannelPRACH Physical Random Access CHannel PRB Physical Resource Block PUCCHPhysical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel(P)SCCH (Physical) Sidelink Control Channel (P)SSCH (Physical) SidelinkShared Channel RB Resource Block RRC Radio Resource Control SC-FDM/ASingle Carrier Frequency Division Multiplex/Multiple Access SCI SidelinkControl Information SINR Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio SIRSignal-to-interference ratio SNR Signal-to-noise-ratio SR SchedulingRequest SRS Sounding Reference Signal(ing) SVD Singular-valuedecomposition TDM Time Division Multiplex UCI Uplink Control InformationUE User Equipment URLLC Ultra Low Latency High Reliability CommunicationVL-MIMO Very-large multiple-input-multiple-output ZF Zero Forcing

Abbreviations may be considered to follow 3GPP usage if applicable.

1. A method of operating a network node, the network node operatingaccording to a first radio access technology, RAT, the methodcomprising: transmitting signaling comprising communication signalingand Demodulation Reference Signaling, DMRS, in a transmission resourcepattern, the DMRS being arranged in the transmission resource patternaccording to a DMRS pattern, the DMRS pattern being selected from a setof DMRS patterns based on a coexistence indication indicating thepresence of cell-specific reference signals, CRS, associated to a secondRAT.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first RATcorresponds to New Radio, NR technology, and the second RAT correspondsto Long Term Evolution, LTE, technology.
 3. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the DMRS pattern is selected based on a capabilityindication indicating the capability of the user equipment to select aDMRS pattern based on a coordination indication.
 4. The method accordingto claim 1, wherein the signaling is embedded into the transmissionresource structure.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein thecommunication signaling is Physical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH,signaling.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmissionresource structure has an end symbol which is arranged in one of: asymbol before an end symbol of a slot; and a symbol which coincides withthe end symbol of a slot.
 7. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe transmission resource structure is embedded into a slot.
 8. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the transmission resource structureis one of scheduled to end in and comprises at least one of: the lastsymbol of a slot; and at least one of a long communication signaling andPhysical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH, transmission, scheduled to havea duration from symbol n of a slot to symbol m of a slot, wherein atleast one of: n may be at least one of: in the range of 1 to 7; andcorresponds to one of the first half of symbols in a slot; and wherein mis one of: 12 and 13; and represents one of the last and next-to lastsymbol of a slot.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein at leastone of the coordination indication and the capability indication isprovided with higher-layer signaling.
 10. A network node configured tooperate according to a first radio access technology, RAT, the networknode being configured to: transmit signaling comprising communicationsignaling and Demodulation Reference Signaling, DMRS, in a transmissionresource pattern, the DMRS being arranged in the transmission resourcepattern according to a DMRS pattern, the DMRS pattern being selectedfrom a set of DMRS patterns based on a coexistence indication indicatingthe presence of cell-specific reference signals, CRS, associated to asecond RAT.
 11. A method of operating a user equipment, the userequipment operating according to a first radio access technology, RAT,the method comprising: receiving signaling comprising communicationsignaling and Demodulation Reference Signaling, DMRS, based on atransmission resource pattern, the receiving comprising associatingsignaling received based on the transmission resource pattern with DMRSbased on a DMRS pattern selected from a set of DMRS patterns based on acoordination indication indicating the presence of cell-specificreference signals, CRS, associated to a second RAT.
 12. The methodaccording to claim 11, wherein the first RAT corresponds to New Radio,NR technology, and the second RAT corresponds to Long Term Evolution,LTE, technology.
 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the DMRSpattern is selected based on a capability indication indicating thecapability of the user equipment to select a DMRS pattern based on acoordination indication.
 14. The method according to claim 11, whereinthe signaling is embedded into the transmission resource structure. 15.The method according to claim 11, wherein the communication signaling isPhysical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH, signaling.
 16. The methodaccording to claim 11, wherein the transmission resource structure hasan end symbol which is arranged in one of: a symbol before an end symbolof a slot; and a symbol which coincides with the end symbol of a slot.17. The method according to claim 11, wherein the transmission resourcestructure is embedded into a slot.
 18. The method according to claim 11,wherein the transmission resource structure is one of scheduled to endin and comprises at least one of: the last symbol of a slot; and atleast one of a long communication signaling and Physical Downlink SharedChannel, PDSCH, transmission, scheduled to have a duration from symbol nof a slot to symbol m of a slot, wherein at least one of: n may be atleast one of: in the range of 1 to 7; and corresponds to one of thefirst half of symbols in a slot; and wherein m is one of: 12 and 13; andrepresents one of the last and next-to last symbol of a slot.
 19. Themethod according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the coordinationindication and the capability indication is provided with higher-layersignaling.
 20. A user equipment configured to operate according to afirst radio access technology, RAT, the user equipment being configuredto: receive signaling comprising communication signaling andDemodulation Reference Signaling, DMRS, based on a transmission resourcepattern, the receiving comprising associating signaling received basedon the transmission resource pattern with DMRS based on a DMRS patternselected from a set of DMRS patterns based on a coordination indicationindicating the presence of cell-specific reference signals, CRS,associated to a second RAT.
 21. A computer storage medium storing acomputer program comprising instructions that, when executed, causeprocessing circuitry to at least one of control and perform a method ofoperating a network node, the network node operating according to afirst radio access technology, RAT, the method comprising: transmittingsignaling comprising communication signaling and Demodulation ReferenceSignaling, DMRS, in a transmission resource pattern, the DMRS beingarranged in the transmission resource pattern according to a DMRSpattern, the DMRS pattern being selected from a set of DMRS patternsbased on a coexistence indication indicating the presence ofcell-specific reference signals, CRS, associated to a second RAT.